Wednesday, September 30, 2009

Science keyboard for Mac

Here's a Ukelele keyboard I made for typing medical school class notes on my Apple iBook, and more generally, the solution to a problem I've been trying to solve since I was a physics undergrad. The normal keyboard works just fine, in fact, it's based on the the US Extended keyboard you're probably using. I just chose some more useful characters for the option key. The keyboard is the same, type away all you want, but if you press the option key, these are the characters you get:
Science Notes Beta 3

Installation:
Download the ScienceNotesBeta3.keylayout file by ctrl-clicking here and 'save as'.
Paste the file into your user's Library/Key Layouts folder
Log out (sorry, OS X has to re-read the available keyboards)
Log back in
Open the International Preferences, check the keyboard ScienceNotesBeta3 and the dialog box "Show input menu in menu bar"
You'll now see a new icon, most likely a flag, in the menu bar. Click it and choose the ScienceNotesBeta3 keyboard. This will activate the keyboard for whatever application you have active on the desktop. You can set this as the keyboard for all applications by going back to the International Preferences and clicking the radio button "Use one input source in all documents".

If you don't see ScienceNotesBeta3 as an available keyboard check the file in ~/Library/Keyboard Layouts with "get info" and make sure it didn't save as ScienceNotesBeta3.keylayout.txt. If it did, just delete the .txt extension and log in again.

Now option+a is α, option+b is β, option+g is γ, and so on. Isn't that nice.

There's also the CharacterPal dashboard widget.

http://nielsolson.us/Haversian/science/natural_science/medicine/medical_education/

It is a marathon, not a sprint.

Don’t start studying too late, and don’t burn out early. Make a schedule with goals of what you want accomplished by when, and discipline yourself to stick to it.

The core skill in science ...

Is understanding how things work.

Recent Thoughts on Medical Education

I recently got an e-mail from a friend who was just accepted to medical school. Congratulations to him! In his e-mail he asked if I had any recommendations on what he could do before starting. Here's my answer, refined:

Yeah! Start producing study aids now that will help review the week, or weekend before the test. Don't, don't, don't take notes on a laptop. Use 8.5x11 or notecards. Preread means skim, and then, from the time you're in lecture on, all 'studying' should be focused on creating a product you will use to review for the week before the tests, like a big stack of notecards, diagrams, that sort of thing. Handwrite and draw it all. The tactile and visual feedback is rich input to your brain.

Physio and Biochem are straight notecard and diagram. Biochem, get Lehninger (all other biochem texts plagarize this guy) and start drawing glycolysis, kreb's cycle, electron transport chain, gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, structures of the sugars (glucose, galactose, ribose, heparin, heparan sulfate, amylose, amylopectin, collagen, etc). Draw the twenty amino acids and the nucleic acids. Put all these on flashcards. If they're to big (glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, etc) draw them on 8.5x11. Over and over.

Physio: a big smludge of stuff. Kidney tubule. Learn the transporters inside and out. Same for myocardium. If you don't understand a synapse yet, that's about as priority one as it gets.

Neuroscience: Haines is the the textbook to get, but they all go into to much detail. You can start administering these quizzes to yourself (you have to click around a bit, but they're there). The site is awesome. Find the quizzes. Learn all the structures in the quizzes. Even if your prof swears you don't need to know it. If you try to not learn, you'll waste time and brain cells thinking "I don't need to know this that I'm not supposed to know. But I know it. Dammit". I found it a long time ago, then our neuro prof was using it independently for some of the videos. I suggested it to the students at A&M; now their prof is using it too. Also, Harvard Whole Brain Atlas.

Histology - too complex to draw. Find images on Google Images (you'll find the high-yield sites as you go) and compile them in powerpoint. Slide with the image, next slide has the same image, but with various structures identified. Every cell type you can imagine. Repitition, repitition, repitition.

For Anatomy, get Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, 3rd Ed, and quiz yourself by placing your hands over all the names of structures, and try to identify them. Every single one of them. They will all be on the test. You think I'm kidding or exaggerating, but I'm not. Don't worry though, there's a fair amount of repitition. You'll see how this works once you get the book. Don't get a textbook of anatomy until the prof tells you which one to get. They all suck. Bad. I own most of them. That's not a joke. I have been collecting, for years, virtually every anatomy text and atlas, every book on surgery. I've got first editions of Brodel illustrations. The textbooks are vacuous except maybe the highlighted 'clinical correlations' boxes, or whatever they call them in whatever text. You can be sure that stuff (torticollis, claw hand, whatever) will be on the test. Along those lines, don't get more books than necessary. You've got to much to learn to read anything twice. Make the study guides. If you run into something you need a second source on, go to Google. Repitition, repitition, repitition. If anything you're doing takes a lot of time, stop. Computer drawing programs (OneNote, Illustrator, etc) are a good example of this. I can draw a perfect circle in Illustrator faster than I can with a pencil. But I don't need a perfect circle. I only need a 80%, 90% circle. I can do that with a pencil in one stroke.

Most people in any organization pass on the same lore and legends one year to the next. It's all fluff. The smart ones lie because they don't want to spend time helping the people who are struggling. The strugglers lie because they don't want to let on they're sucking. The professors lie because they are taking gentle vengence on you for whatever they went through in graduate school. If you stop and listen you'll be amazed at how much fluff is presented as deep insight. It's really just the same lore and legend. They'll all talk about the ease of learning the brachial plexus once you figure it out. They'll all ask you five times about which nerve root is sensory, which is motor. They'll all tell you about freshman's nerve (a tendon), the rise of antibiotics, anesthesia, and how they revolutionized surgery. Blah, blah, blah. Learn what's going to be on the test. Cold. By repitition.

If you can, seriously consider just listening to the audio if they provide it. Listen to it at 1.5 times speed with the prof's powerpoint slides (most of them provide these through a website somewhere), at home. I'm the one that does the recording for our school, so I haven't tried this much. Because I always go to lecture, so I can record it. If this works, cool. Otherwise, go to lecture and don't take a laptop. At least, don't use a laptop while you're in lecture.

Read the medical education posts on this blog if you want some more stuff.

People will give you lots of study tips. Like this. If it doesn't match what you've been doing, be highly suspect. If you got As without group study, don't start now. If you got As without a computer, don't start now. If you eat seven pieces of Lindt chocolate when you study every night, don't stop.

For the non-traditional students: be especially suspect of advise from the professors. They spend most of their time advising the 80% who are between 22 and 24 years old. Nothing against 22. I was 22 once. I wish I was 22 when I went to medical school. I really do.

http://nielsolson.us/Haversian/science/natural_science/medicine/medical_education/

Choosing Residency

Hmmm... This may be helpful.

What is Concept Mapping ?

Concept mapping is a technique for representing knowledge in graphs. "Meaningful learning involves the assimilation of new concepts and propositions into existing cognitive structures".

"A mind map consists of a central word or concept, around the central word you draw the 5 to 10 main ideas that relate to that word. You then take each of those child words and again draw the 5 to 10 main ideas that relate to each of those words."

The difference between concept maps and mind maps is that a mind map has only one main concept, while a concept map may have several.

Acronyms

The use of acronyms can be helpful when a list of facts or sequence of items must be remembered. An acronym is a word or phrase made from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive parts or major parts of a compound term. For example, the acronym PERT stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique. Of course, acronyms can be created by students to remember a specific item, such as the planets in our solar system in sequence (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). Taking the first letter of each word, you would have m, v e, m, j, s, u, and n. Make up a nonsensical phrase to help you remember the exact order, such as, "My very elegant mother just served us noodles."

Read, Stop, and Ask

This simple rule can really help you in your efforts to assimilate textbook information. The sheer quantity and density of information in biology texts can sometimes be overwhelming, so one way to help transfer what you’ve read from your short-term memory into your long-term memory is to read a section no longer than one page, stop, and then quiz yourself on what you’ve just read and how it relates to what you already know about the subject. This method plays on the human brain’s ability to learn more easily when material is presented in short segments. It also forces you to make conceptual and factual connections between new and old ideas, which helps to organize complex information in your brain more meaningfully.

Read, Stop, and Ask

Practice Taking Notes

College students often complain that their professors present lecture material too rapidly. While this criticism may, in part, be valid, it is also something that you as a student are unlikely to ever see change! You must therefore learn to take effective notes quickly, and like any worthwhile skill, this requires practice. You’ll certainly get plenty of practice in biology lectures, but if you’d like to practice even more, try the following technique:

Each evening, grab a pen and notepad and take notes while watching one of the national news programs. These half-hour segments are delivered at a rapid pace not unlike classroom lectures, and are full of information. Try to capture the main ideas of each story in your notes, and train yourself to filter out unnecessary detail. If you want, videotape the program and then play it back to check the accuracy of your notes.

Exildah's Dream: To become a doctor

Tuesday, September 29, 2009

Thursday, September 24, 2009

Monday, September 21, 2009

Saturday, September 19, 2009

Thursday, September 10, 2009

Who never doubted, never half believed. Where doubt is, there truth is...it is her shadow. Bailey
When you were born, you cried and the world rejoiced. Live your life so that when you die, the world cries and you rejoice. -Indian saying.
"Search for what you lost, where you lost it, and there might be a better chance of finding it!" Indian Saying

Sunday, September 6, 2009

How to Study Human Anatomy II

I have studied and interviewed groups of medical and science students that have excelled in their course work. It is true that there are specific and detailed guidelines that these students adhere to and credit for their academic success. With some time and applying these study skills to your studies you can greatly improve your academic performance. The following are study strategies and tips from past honor students of Human Anatomy.

Study Skill #1 - It is NOT enough to simply read, re-read, and re-type up the notes. The goal in anatomy is to become a visual learner, so it is extremely important to keep pictures in front of you. Let's say you are studying the forearm for example. The best approach is three pronged. That is, to have three pictures out side-by-side, one of the superficial structures, one of the deep muscles and bone matrix, and a third of cross-sections. Now as you read each sentence of your text, the words will have graphic substance to support them. This allows your brain to start building the 3-D structure of the human body.

Study Skill #2 - Knowing the relationships is key. This means that if you are given a point anywhere in the human body, that you should be able to navigate your way to any other point by spatial relationships to landmark structures. The best way to accomplish this is by describing the path of a body part in relation to its surroundings. Let's take the Ulnar Nerve for example. Beginning in the axilla, it courses as the most medial branch of the brachial plexus. As it descends down the arm, it remains superficial to the triceps muscles, medial to the humerus, and maintains a tight medial position to the brachial artery. It continues this until the distal region of the arm, where it courses on the posterior aspect of the humerus, and then it makes a tight cross over the elbow joint posterior to the medial epicondyle. It continues between the heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and enters the anterior compartment of the forearm where it accompanies the ulnar artery. This will enhance your understanding of human anatomy because it forces your brain to travel through the mental images and describe it in your own words. This is a skill that will be necessary for nerve lesion questions.

Study Skill #3 - Make charts for the muscles. List the muscles in the rows on the left and then make columns on the right for Origin, Insertion, Action, and Innervation. Stare at pictures of the muscle under study and match the answers in the columns with the pictures.

Study Skill #4 - Memorize the boundaries and contents of specific compartments of the human body. For example, the Cubital Fossa is bounded: Laterally - medial border of brachioradialis, Medially - the lateral border of pronator teres, Floor - brachialis, Roof - skin and fascia, Contents - median nerve, brachial artery, tendon of biceps, radial nerve, & median cubital vein. Once these have been memorized they serve as valuable landmarks to navigate your way around the body.

Study Skill #5 - Understand the terminology. This is obvious, but if you do it from the very beginning of your human anatomy course it will save you a lot of time later on. Anatomists often sound like they are speaking a different language and it overwhelms students at first. But if you take the time, you will see that a name of a muscle or ligament will often tell of its origin, insertion, or action. Flexor Digitorum Profundus for example, is the major muscle that flexes the fingers. Therefore, you may already know what Flexor Digitorum Superficialis does, it's the same action, but this weaker muscle lies closer to the surface of the forearm. In addition, arteries tend to be named for their destination. The right coronary artery will supply blood to the right ventricle of the heart. Knowing the terminology breaks down the information in digestable pieces and makes it easier for you to remember where things are positioned.

Study Skill #6 - Photocopy the pictures from your anatomy book and white out the labels. In fact, make several copies of important diagrams without labels and use these to study and fill them in on your own. It is often helpful to use these same pictures to trace the pathways of the nerves and arteries with colored pencils. This will help to separate the structures in your mind and reinforce their routes.

Study Skill #7 - If you have access to a cadaver, give him/her a name, because the amount of time you spend with the cadaver is directly related to your grade. Identify the same structure on multiple cadavers. This exercise will prove that you can use different anatomical landmarks as a navigation system for the human body. This is also important to understand and identify regions of variation in the body, such as arterial branches of the subclavian. Keep in mind that arteries should be named based on where they are going, not where they branched from.

Jordan Castle is medical student and cognitive psychologist research assistant. His work spans many different aspects of the learning process and aims to help students excel in their individual courses. Detailed study strategies and practice exams can be found on his website at http://medstudysites.com Courses include: Physiology, Genetics, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Histology.

http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Study-Human-Anatomy&id=1373148

How to Study Anatomy I

Anatomy is the science of the structure of organisms and all of their various parts. If you are planning a career in the medical field, you must study and excel in the subject of anatomy. It's not easy; but there are ways to succeed. Read on to learn how.

  1. Step 1

    Study anatomy by first realizing that it all boils down to memorization. There's a huge, long list of vocabulary words you must learn. The terminology can be difficult. You must memorize charts, body functions and many details concerning glands, cells and body parts.

  2. Step 2

    Make flash cards out of index cards. This is a great help in memorization. Write a terminology word on one side of the card and write the definition on the other side. When you study anatomy, go over the cards (again and again) by yourself. Then, get someone to help. Ask someone to hold the card up in front of you with one side showing. Start by looking at the word first, then flipping to the definition. Alternate back and forth until you can both define the word and look at the definition first and name the term.

  3. Step 3

    Create another set of flash cards out of index cards. On this study set for anatomy, write a body part on one side of the card. Write the function of that body part on the other side of the card. Use these in the same way as the terminology flash cards.

  4. Step 4

    Know that you must memorize charts in your study of anatomy. Your anatomy textbook will have charts such as the Periodic Table of the Elements. You must read over these charts again and again in order to memorize them.

  5. Step 5

    Look at models of the human body in the laboratory when you study anatomy. You must memorize each body part and its location. Take extra time, if you need to, in the lab so that you can go over the body parts repeatedly until you can identify each part of the body on the model.

Anatomy Flash Cards: http://www.studystack.com/Anatomy

Friday, September 4, 2009

enrico macias(l'oriental)

The greatest wealth is health.

Health and intellect are the two blessings of life.
- Menander

Seeing yourself as you want to be is the key to personal growth.

If you're not sure where you're going, you'll probably end up somewhere else.
- Anonymous

Happiness is not having what you want, but wanting what you have.

Who is blind? He who can see no other world. Who is dumb? He who can say nothing pleasant about his lot. Who is poor? He who is troubled with too many desires. Who is rich? He who is happy with his lot.

- Indian Proverb

Make failure your teacher, not your undertaker.

My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure.
- Abraham Lincoln

Only the educated are free.

An education isn't how much you have committed to memory, or even how much you know. It's being able to differentiate between what you do know and what you don't.
- Anatole France

Nature does nothing uselessly.

The best remedy for those who are afraid, lonely or unhappy is to go outside, somewhere where they can be quiet, alone with the heavens, and nature. Because only then does one feel that all is as it should be amidst the simple beauty of nature.
- Anne Frank

A smile is a curve that sets everything straight

Sometimes your joy is the source of your smile, but sometimes your smile can be the source of your joy.
- Thich Nhat Hanh

There is no beauty but the beauty of action.

I am only one,
But still I am one.
I cannot do everything,
But still I can do something;
And because I cannot do everything
I will not refuse to do the something that I can do.
- Edward Everett Hale

Either you run the day or the day runs you.

The best place to find a helping hand is at the end of your own arm.
- Anonymous

The only gift is a portion of thyself.

Believe, when you are most unhappy, that there is something for you to do in the world. So long as you can sweeten another's pain, life is not in vain.
- Helen Keller

Strive for humility, but not Humiliation

Never look down on anybody unless you're helping them up.
- The Reverend Jesse Jackson, American civil rights leader

The best way to predict your future is to create it.

Superstition is born of ignorance and fear, and thrives the most when reason is asleep.
- Zarathushtra

Never live in the past but always learn from it.

Do not believe in anything simply because you have heard it. Do not believe in anything simply because it is spoken and rumored by many. Do not believe in anything simply because it is found written in your religious books. Do not believe in anything merely on the authority of your teachers and elders. Do not believe in traditions because they have been handed down for many generations. But after observation and analysis, when you find that anything agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and benefit of one and all, then accept it and live up to it.
- Buddha

Never argue; repeat your assertion.

If you go in for argument, take care of your temper. Your logic, if you have any, will take care of itself.
- Joseph Farrell

If there is no struggle, there is no progress.

Plan your progress carefully; hour-by hour, day-by-day, month-by-month. Organized activity and maintained enthusiasm are the wellsprings of your power.
-Paul J. Meyer

Procrastination is the thief of time.

In any moment of decision the best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can do is nothing.
- Theodore Roosevelt

Your life is your message.

Life without a purpose is a languid, drifting thing; every day we ought to review our purpose, saying to ourselves, 'This day let me make a sound beginning
-Thomas Kempis

Never, never, never give up.

Our greatest glory is not in never failing, but in rising up every time we fail.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson

When you get to the end of your rope, tie a knot and hang on.

Great changes may not happen right away, but with effort even the difficult may become easy.
- Bill Blackman

Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly.

Use what talent you possess: the woods would be very silent if no birds sang except those that sang best.
- Henry Van Dyke

Luck is when opportunity knocks, and you answer.

Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.
- Ann Landers

You must motivate yourself EVERYDAY.

Far better is it to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure...than to rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy much nor suffer much, because they live in a gray twilight that knows not victory nor defeat.
- Theodore Roosevelt

Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.

Acknowledge that you failed, draw your lessons from it, and use it to your advantage to make sure it never happens again.
- Michael Johnson

The best things in life aren't things.

If you want to feel rich, just count all of the things you have that money can't buy. Anonymous

It is love that makes the impossible possible.

People are unreasonable, illogical and self-centered.
Love them anyway.
If you do good, people will accuse you of selfish, ulterior motives.
Do good anyway.
If you are successful, you will win false friends and true enemies.
Succeed anyway.
The good you do today will be forgotten tomorrow.
Do good anyway.
Honesty and frankness make you vulnerable.
Be honest and frank anyway.
The biggest person with the biggest ideas can be
shot down by the smallest person with the smallest mind.
Think big anyway.
What you spend years building may
be destroyed overnight.
Build anyway.
People really need help but may attack if you help them.
Help people anyway.
Give the world the best you have
and you might get kicked in the teeth.
Give the world the best you've got anyway.
- Anonymous

Joy is the feeling of grinning inside.

A smile is a light in the window of the soul indicating that the heart is at home.
- Anonymous

She who has hope has everything.

Hope is like a bird that senses the dawn and carefully starts to sing while it is still dark.

- Anonymous

One lie ruins a thousand truths.

If you tell the truth you don't have to remember anything.
- Mark Twain

It is not length of life, but depth of life.

The purpose of life is not to be happy – but to matter, to be productive, to be useful, to have it make some difference that you have lived at all.
- Leo Rosten, American teacher and humorist

Sorrow give understanding and wisdom

Remember sadness is always temporary. This, too, shall pass.
- Chuck T. Falcon

She who dares nothing need hope for nothing

To succeed... you need to find something to hold on to, something to motivate you, something to inspire you.
–Tony Dorsett

Change your thoughts and you change your world

You must be the change you wish to see in the world.
- Mahatma Gandhi

Fall seven times, stand up eight

Challenges are what make life interesting; overcoming them is what makes life meaningful.
-Joshua J. Marine

The shell must break before the bird can fly

The way you overcome shyness is to become so wrapped up in something that you forget to be afraid.
- Lady Bird Johnson

Always Aim High!

"Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you'll land among the stars."
...Les Brown